现在要求将新添加的硬盘/dev/sdb扩容到 / 目录。
第零步、磁盘基本信息检查
查看系统可用块设备以及依赖关系
root@dev:~# lsblk
NAME MAJ:MIN RM SIZE RO TYPE MOUNTPOINTS
loop0 7:0 0 63.9M 1 loop /snap/core20/2182
loop1 7:1 0 111.9M 1 loop /snap/lxd/24322
loop2 7:2 0 63.9M 1 loop /snap/core20/2318
loop3 7:3 0 87M 1 loop /snap/lxd/28373
loop4 7:4 0 40.9M 1 loop /snap/snapd/20290
loop5 7:5 0 38.8M 1 loop /snap/snapd/21759
sda 8:0 0 20G 0 disk
├─sda1 8:1 0 1M 0 part
├─sda2 8:2 0 1.8G 0 part /boot
└─sda3 8:3 0 18.2G 0 part
└─ubuntu--vg-ubuntu--lv 253:0 0 10G 0 lvm /
sdb 8:16 0 50G 0 disk
sdc 8:32 0 200G 0 disk
└─sdc1 8:33 0 200G 0 part
└─vg0-lv0 253:1 0 199G 0 lvm
sr0 11:0 1 1024M 0 rom
查看当前物理卷
root@dev:~# pvs
PV VG Fmt Attr PSize PFree
/dev/sda3 ubuntu-vg lvm2 a-- 18.22g 8.22g
/dev/sdc1 vg0 lvm2 a-- <200.00g 1020.00m
查看系统初始硬盘
root@dev:~# df -hT
Filesystem Type Size Used Avail Use% Mounted on
tmpfs tmpfs 791M 1.7M 789M 1% /run
/dev/mapper/ubuntu--vg-ubuntu--lv ext4 9.8G 7.2G 2.2G 77% /
tmpfs tmpfs 3.9G 0 3.9G 0% /dev/shm
tmpfs tmpfs 5.0M 0 5.0M 0% /run/lock
/dev/sda2 ext4 1.8G 271M 1.4G 17% /boot
overlay overlay 9.8G 7.2G 2.2G 77% /var/lib/docker/overlay2/0556338779e3e80141e0e83393d93199a82ebc168f8314da822f25dfa4e06e3f/merged
tmpfs tmpfs 791M 4.0K 791M 1% /run/user/1000
第一步、创建新分区
root@dev:~# fdisk /dev/sdb
Welcome to fdisk (util-linux 2.37.2).
Changes will remain in memory only, until you decide to write them.
Be careful before using the write command.
Device does not contain a recognized partition table.
Created a new DOS disklabel with disk identifier 0x4b7825d4.
Command (m for help): n //添加新分区
Partition type
p primary (0 primary, 0 extended, 4 free)
e extended (container for logical partitions)
Select (default p): p // 回车，默认p，主分区
Partition number (1-4, default 1): // 回车，默认1
First sector (2048-104857599, default 2048): // 回车，默认起始位置
Last sector, +/-sectors or +/-size{K,M,G,T,P} (2048-104857599, default 104857599): // 回车，默认最后位置
Created a new partition 1 of type 'Linux' and of size 50 GiB.
Command (m for help): t //更改分区类型
Selected partition 1
Hex code or alias (type L to list all): L //列出分区类型
00 Empty 24 NEC DOS 81 Minix / old Lin bf Solaris
01 FAT12 27 Hidden NTFS Win 82 Linux swap / So c1 DRDOS/sec (FAT-
02 XENIX root 39 Plan 9 83 Linux c4 DRDOS/sec (FAT-
03 XENIX usr 3c PartitionMagic 84 OS/2 hidden or c6 DRDOS/sec (FAT-
04 FAT16 <32M 40 Venix 80286 85 Linux extended c7 Syrinx
05 Extended 41 PPC PReP Boot 86 NTFS volume set da Non-FS data
06 FAT16 42 SFS 87 NTFS volume set db CP/M / CTOS / .
07 HPFS/NTFS/exFAT 4d QNX4.x 88 Linux plaintext de Dell Utility
08 AIX 4e QNX4.x 2nd part 8e Linux LVM df BootIt
09 AIX bootable 4f QNX4.x 3rd part 93 Amoeba e1 DOS access
0a OS/2 Boot Manag 50 OnTrack DM 94 Amoeba BBT e3 DOS R/O
0b W95 FAT32 51 OnTrack DM6 Aux 9f BSD/OS e4 SpeedStor
0c W95 FAT32 (LBA) 52 CP/M a0 IBM Thinkpad hi ea Linux extended
0e W95 FAT16 (LBA) 53 OnTrack DM6 Aux a5 FreeBSD eb BeOS fs
0f W95 Ext'd (LBA) 54 OnTrackDM6 a6 OpenBSD ee GPT
10 OPUS 55 EZ-Drive a7 NeXTSTEP ef EFI (FAT-12/16/
11 Hidden FAT12 56 Golden Bow a8 Darwin UFS f0 Linux/PA-RISC b
12 Compaq diagnost 5c Priam Edisk a9 NetBSD f1 SpeedStor
14 Hidden FAT16 <3 61 SpeedStor ab Darwin boot f4 SpeedStor
16 Hidden FAT16 63 GNU HURD or Sys af HFS / HFS+ f2 DOS secondary
17 Hidden HPFS/NTF 64 Novell Netware b7 BSDI fs fb VMware VMFS
18 AST SmartSleep 65 Novell Netware b8 BSDI swap fc VMware VMKCORE
1b Hidden W95 FAT3 70 DiskSecure Mult bb Boot Wizard hid fd Linux raid auto
1c Hidden W95 FAT3 75 PC/IX bc Acronis FAT32 L fe LANstep
1e Hidden W95 FAT1 80 Old Minix be Solaris boot ff BBT
Aliases:
linux - 83
swap - 82
extended - 05
uefi - EF
raid - FD
lvm - 8E
linuxex - 85
Hex code or alias (type L to list all): 8e //lvm分区
Changed type of partition 'Linux' to 'Linux LVM'.
Command (m for help): p //打印，Blocks为分区大小 单位为kb
Disk /dev/sdb: 50 GiB, 53687091200 bytes, 104857600 sectors
Disk model: VMware Virtual S
Units: sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disklabel type: dos
Disk identifier: 0x4b7825d4
Device Boot Start End Sectors Size Id Type
/dev/sdb1 2048 104857599 104855552 50G 8e Linux LVM
Command (m for help): w //保存
The partition table has been altered.
Calling ioctl() to re-read partition table.
Syncing disks.
至此已经创建分区,通过lsblk查看已经存在sdb1分区
root@dev:~# lsblk
NAME MAJ:MIN RM SIZE RO TYPE MOUNTPOINTS
loop0 7:0 0 63.9M 1 loop /snap/core20/2182
loop1 7:1 0 111.9M 1 loop /snap/lxd/24322
loop2 7:2 0 63.9M 1 loop /snap/core20/2318
loop3 7:3 0 87M 1 loop /snap/lxd/28373
loop4 7:4 0 40.9M 1 loop /snap/snapd/20290
loop5 7:5 0 38.8M 1 loop /snap/snapd/21759
sda 8:0 0 20G 0 disk
├─sda1 8:1 0 1M 0 part
├─sda2 8:2 0 1.8G 0 part /boot
└─sda3 8:3 0 18.2G 0 part
└─ubuntu--vg-ubuntu--lv 253:0 0 10G 0 lvm /
sdb 8:16 0 50G 0 disk
└─sdb1 8:17 0 50G 0 part
sdc 8:32 0 200G 0 disk
└─sdc1 8:33 0 200G 0 part
└─vg0-lv0 253:1 0 199G 0 lvm
sr0 11:0 1 1024M 0 rom
第二步、将物理硬盘格式化成PV（物理卷）
root@dev:~# pvcreate /dev/sdb1
Physical volume "/dev/sdb1" successfully created.
第三步、将物理卷pv并到vg（卷组）
首先使用vgdisplay 命令查看卷组
root@dev:~# vgdisplay
--- Volume group ---
VG Name vg0
System ID
Format lvm2
Metadata Areas 1
Metadata Sequence No 2
VG Access read/write
VG Status resizable
MAX LV 0
Cur LV 1
Open LV 0
Max PV 0
Cur PV 1
Act PV 1
VG Size <200.00 GiB
PE Size 4.00 MiB
Total PE 51199
Alloc PE / Size 50944 / 199.00 GiB
Free PE / Size 255 / 1020.00 MiB
VG UUID rILfqs-9cHH-9q2s-7FAt-Oit2-1qF0-WKxnv0
--- Volume group ---
VG Name ubuntu-vg
System ID
Format lvm2
Metadata Areas 1
Metadata Sequence No 2
VG Access read/write
VG Status resizable
MAX LV 0
Cur LV 1
Open LV 1
Max PV 0
Cur PV 1
Act PV 1
VG Size 18.22 GiB
PE Size 4.00 MiB
Total PE 4665
Alloc PE / Size 2560 / 10.00 GiB
Free PE / Size 2105 / 8.22 GiB
VG UUID K05qLs-p5R7-rwER-nh3P-qZHD-DQpF-C8x3UB
ubuntu-vg 是已经存在的卷组，记住这个名字将pv并到ubuntu-vg
root@dev:~# vgextend ubuntu-vg /dev/sdb1
Volume group "ubuntu-vg" successfully extended
再次查看vgdisplay 发现SIZE已经变化
root@dev:~# vgdisplay
--- Volume group ---
VG Name vg0
System ID
Format lvm2
Metadata Areas 1
Metadata Sequence No 2
VG Access read/write
VG Status resizable
MAX LV 0
Cur LV 1
Open LV 0
Max PV 0
Cur PV 1
Act PV 1
VG Size <200.00 GiB
PE Size 4.00 MiB
Total PE 51199
Alloc PE / Size 50944 / 199.00 GiB
Free PE / Size 255 / 1020.00 MiB
VG UUID rILfqs-9cHH-9q2s-7FAt-Oit2-1qF0-WKxnv0
--- Volume group ---
VG Name ubuntu-vg
System ID
Format lvm2
Metadata Areas 2
Metadata Sequence No 3
VG Access read/write
VG Status resizable
MAX LV 0
Cur LV 1
Open LV 1
Max PV 0
Cur PV 2
Act PV 2
VG Size <68.22 GiB
PE Size 4.00 MiB
Total PE 17464
Alloc PE / Size 2560 / 10.00 GiB
Free PE / Size 14904 / <58.22 GiB
VG UUID K05qLs-p5R7-rwER-nh3P-qZHD-DQpF-C8x3UB
第四步、扩充逻辑卷
查看当前的逻辑卷
root@dev:~# lvdisplay
--- Logical volume ---
LV Path /dev/vg0/lv0
LV Name lv0
VG Name vg0
LV UUID 4xDsGC-zBZk-S7v9-DOEo-Zxe0-mVU2-lWeFMR
LV Write Access read/write
LV Creation host, time dev, 2024-06-02 16:02:44 +0000
LV Status available
# open 0
LV Size 199.00 GiB
Current LE 50944
Segments 1
Allocation inherit
Read ahead sectors auto
- currently set to 256
Block device 253:1
--- Logical volume ---
LV Path /dev/ubuntu-vg/ubuntu-lv
LV Name ubuntu-lv
VG Name ubuntu-vg
LV UUID 1yy4d9-aSpX-pZ6A-PRvE-embQ-aHq1-D2TDSY
LV Write Access read/write
LV Creation host, time ubuntu-server, 2023-02-04 08:21:52 +0000
LV Status available
# open 1
LV Size 10.00 GiB
Current LE 2560
Segments 1
Allocation inherit
Read ahead sectors auto
- currently set to 256
Block device 253:0
逻辑卷/dev/ubuntu-vg/ubuntu-lv是我们要扩充的
root@dev:~# lvextend /dev/ubuntu-vg/ubuntu-lv /dev/sdb1
Size of logical volume ubuntu-vg/ubuntu-lv changed from 10.00 GiB (2560 extents) to <60.00 GiB (15359 extents).
Logical volume ubuntu-vg/ubuntu-lv successfully resized.
第五步、写入文件系统,使扩充生效
root@dev:~# resize2fs /dev/mapper/ubuntu--vg-ubuntu--lv
resize2fs 1.46.5 (30-Dec-2021)
Filesystem at /dev/mapper/ubuntu--vg-ubuntu--lv is mounted on /; on-line resizing required
old_desc_blocks = 2, new_desc_blocks = 8
The filesystem on /dev/mapper/ubuntu--vg-ubuntu--lv is now 15727616 (4k) blocks long.
如果你使用的xfs文件系统，则需要使用xfs_growfs /dev/mapper/ubuntu--vg-ubuntu--lv命令
第六步、验证
root@dev:~# df -hT
Filesystem Type Size Used Avail Use% Mounted on
tmpfs tmpfs 791M 1.7M 789M 1% /run
/dev/mapper/ubuntu--vg-ubuntu--lv ext4 59G 7.2G 50G 13% /
tmpfs tmpfs 3.9G 0 3.9G 0% /dev/shm
tmpfs tmpfs 5.0M 0 5.0M 0% /run/lock
/dev/sda2 ext4 1.8G 271M 1.4G 17% /boot
overlay overlay 59G 7.2G 50G 13% /var/lib/docker/overlay2/0556338779e3e80141e0e83393d93199a82ebc168f8314da822f25dfa4e06e3f/merged
tmpfs tmpfs 791M 4.0K 791M 1% /run/user/1000
root@dev:~#
root@dev:~# lsblk
NAME MAJ:MIN RM SIZE RO TYPE MOUNTPOINTS
loop0 7:0 0 63.9M 1 loop /snap/core20/2182
loop1 7:1 0 111.9M 1 loop /snap/lxd/24322
loop2 7:2 0 63.9M 1 loop /snap/core20/2318
loop3 7:3 0 87M 1 loop /snap/lxd/28373
loop4 7:4 0 40.9M 1 loop /snap/snapd/20290
loop5 7:5 0 38.8M 1 loop /snap/snapd/21759
sda 8:0 0 20G 0 disk
├─sda1 8:1 0 1M 0 part
├─sda2 8:2 0 1.8G 0 part /boot
└─sda3 8:3 0 18.2G 0 part
└─ubuntu--vg-ubuntu--lv 253:0 0 60G 0 lvm /
sdb 8:16 0 50G 0 disk
└─sdb1 8:17 0 50G 0 part
└─ubuntu--vg-ubuntu--lv 253:0 0 60G 0 lvm /
sdc 8:32 0 200G 0 disk
└─sdc1 8:33 0 200G 0 part
└─vg0-lv0 253:1 0 199G 0 lvm
sr0 11:0 1 1024M 0 rom
再来复习下 lvm 中的关系
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